Manufactured by Cook Medical, the Gunther Tulip and Celect IVC filters are designed to trap blood clots and prevent pulmonary embolisms. However, when they are not promptly removed, they can cause a number of serious – and potentially deadly – complications.
Cook IVC filters are implanted into a patient’s inferior vena cava (IVC), which is a major blood vessel that’s responsible for carrying de-oxygenated blood to the heart and lungs. The filters are designed to capture blood clots from the lower part of the body before they enter the lungs, thus preventing a deadly pulmonary embolism.
IVC filters should be used in the short-term only. However, they are not always removed once the patient’s risk of a pulmonary embolism decreases. Once they’ve been in the body for three to four months, the risk of complications increases substantially. When Cook IVC filters remain in the body for long periods of time, the following complications are known to occur:
- The filter may migrate to another area of the body – lessening its effectiveness and causing potential organ damage.
- The filter may perforate or erode, damaging internal organs and the inferior vena cava. In fact, a recent study has linked Cook IVC filters with a 43% rate of vena cava perforation.
- A piece of the filter could break off and travel throughout the body, damaging the heart and lungs.
- Complications with the filter may prevent the surgeon from being able to remove it. When this occurs, the filter may need to stay in the body permanently.
- Excess fluid around the heart, also known as hemorrhagic pericardial effusion, may develop.
- In the most severe cases, complications associated with Cook IVC filters may even result in death.




